Description & Target

GelRed® is a sensitive, stable and environmentally safe fluorescent nucleic acid dyes designed to replace the highly toxic ethidium bromide (EtBr). 6X GelRed® Prestain Loading Buffers are gel loading buffers containing density agents, tracking dyes, and GelRed® dye. The 6X prestain loading buffer is added to samples in place of gel loading buffer, and eliminates the need to add fluorescent DNA dye to the agarose gel during casting. Download the product protocol on this page for a comparison of prestain, precast, and post-stain protocols for GelRed®, and to find the recommended method for your application.

The 6X GelRed® Prestain Loading Buffers are available with blue tracking dyes or with orange tracking dye. Prestain buffer with blue tracking dyes (cat. no. 41009) contains two blue electrophoresis tracking dyes that run at approximately 1.5 kb and 200 bp in a 1% agarose gel. Prestain buffer with orange tracking dye (cat. no. 41010) contains an orange electrophoresis tracking dye that runs at approximately 50 bp in a 1% agarose gel.

GelRed® and EtBr have virtually the same spectra, so you can directly replace EtBr with GelRed® without changing your existing imaging system. In addition, GelRed® is far more sensitive than EtBr, which cannot be used in DNA loading buffer to prestain DNA. GelRed® is compatible with downstream applications such as sequencing and cloning. GelRed® is efficiently removed from DNA by commercial gel extraction kits or by phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation.

Description & Target

7-AAD is a fluorescent DNA binding dye that is membrane impermeant and therefore generally excluded from viable cells.  The dye is excluded by live cells and early apoptotic cells, but stains necrotic and late apoptotic cells with compromised membrane integrity.

7-AAD/DNA complexes can be excited at 488 nm with an argon-ion laser, and has a large Stokes shift with an emission maxima of 647 nm. 7-AAD intercalates selectively at GC-rich regions of DNA, which makes the dye useful for chromosome banding studies. 7-AAD can be used in multicolor fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.
<ul>
<li>&lamba;_Ex/&lamba; _Em(DNA) = 546/647 nm (7-AAD can also be excited by the 488 or 532 laser lines)</li>
<li>Orange red solid soluble in DMF or DMSO</li>
<li>Store at -20°C and protect from light, especially in solution</li>
<li>C₆₂H₈₇N₁₃O₁₆</li>
<li>MW: 1270.45</li>
</ul>

Description & Target

7-AAD (7-aminoactinomycin D) is a fluorescent DNA binding dye that is membrane impermeant and therefore generally excluded from viable cells.

Description & Target

7-NI is a selective inhibitor for the brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS). <ul> <li>Yellow orange solid soluble in DMSO</li> <li>Store at 4&deg;C</li> <li>C₇H₅N₃O₂</li> <li>MW: 163.1</li> <li>[2942-42-9]</li> </ul>

Description & Target

A-23187, also known as Calcimycin or Calcium Ionophore III, is a calcium ionophore that rapidly equilibrates intracellular and extracellular calcium concentrations. It is commonly used for <i>in situ</i> calibrations of fluorescent calcium indicators. The ionophore allows Mn² to enter the cells and quench intracellular fluorescence of calcium indicators.
<ul>
<li>White solid soluble in DMSO</li>
<li>Store at 4°C and protect from light</li>
<li>C₂₉H₃₇N₃O₆</li>
<li>MW: 523.6</li>
<li>[52665-69-7]</li>
</ul>
Also see 4-bromo A-23187. Because 4-bromo A-23187 is nonfluorescent, it is preferred over the blue fluorescent A-23187 for calibrations of UV-excited Ca² indicators such as Indo-1 and Fura-2 in order to keep background fluorescence to a minimum.

Description & Target

ABD-F is a useful reagent for the sensitive and specific detection of thiols both by TLC and HPLC. When combined with a reducing agent such as tributylphosphine, it can also be used for the determination of disulfides in peptides and proteins. <ul> <li>&lamba;_Ex/&lamba; _Em(N-acetylcysteine conjugate at pH 2) = 375/508 nm</li> <li>Of-white solid soluble in DMSO or DMF</li> <li>Store desiccated at 4°C and protect from light especially in solution</li> <li>C₇H₇FN₃O₃S</li> <li>MW: 232</li> </ul>

Description & Target

ABTS (2,2' -Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), diammonium salt) is a very sensitive chromogenic peroxidase substrate widely used for ELISA applications. The substrate yields a water-soluble green colored product.<ul><li>Pale yellow solid soluble in water</li><li>Store desiccated at 4&deg;C and protect from light</li><li>C₁₈H₂₄N₆O₆S₄</li><li>MW: 549</li><li>[30931-67-0]</li></ul>

Description & Target

ADVASEP-7 is a sulfonated &beta;-cyclodextrin derivative that has been reported to reduce background fluorescence when using SynaptoGreen C4 to stain brain slices.
<ul>
<li>Average MW: 2163</li>
<li>C42H70-nO35(C4H8SO3Na)n€¢hydrate where n = Average Degree of Substitution 6.5</li>
<li>White solid soluble in water</li>
<li>Store at 4°C</li>
</ul>

Description & Target

AEAETS (2-Aminoethyl 2-aminoethanethiosulfonate dihydrochloride salt) is a doubly positively charged alkanethiosulfonate. <ul> <li>White solid soluble in water, DMSO and DMF</li> <li>Store at -20°C</li> <li>C₄H₁₄Cl₂N₂O₂S₂</li> <li>MW: 257</li> </ul>

Description & Target

AM1-43 is a fixable, activity-dependent fluorescent nerve terminal probe. AM1-43 functions similarly similarly to SynaptoGreen&trade; C4, but with the additional property of being fixable. Thus, AM1-43 is a useful tool for synapse studies where subsequent fluorescent immunochemistry is desired. AM1-43 and FM1-43 have identical excitation and emission wavelengths. Also see AM1-44, which is similar to AM1-43, but has longer lipophilic tails, resulting in better fixability.
<ul>
<li>&lamba;_Ex/&lamba;_Em: 510/625 nm (in MeOH); 480/598 nm (in membranes)</li>
<li>Red solid soluble in water</li>
<li>C₂₉H₄₉Cl₃N₄</li>
<li>MW: 559.5</li>
</ul>

Description & Target

AM1-44 is a version of AM1-43 with improved fixability. The dye can also be used as a general probe for following endocytosis. AM1-44 probe functions similarly as AM1-43, except that AM1-44 has lipophilic tails that are each one carbon longer than those of AM1-43, resulting in better fixability.
<ul>
<li>&lamba;_Ex/&lamba;_Em: 510/625 nm (in MeOH); 480/598 nm (in membranes)</li>
<li>Red solid soluble in water</li>
<li>C₃₁H₅₂Cl₃N₄</li>
<li>MW: 587.5</li>
</ul>

Description & Target

AM2-10 is a fixable analog of SynaptoGreen&trade; C2.
<ul>
<li>Dark red solid soluble in water</li>
<li>C₂₅H₃₇Cl₃N₄</li>
<li>MW: 503.5</li>
</ul>
<div></div>

Description & Target

AM3-25 is a lipophilic styryl dye that has an amine group at the hydrophilic head. The amine group reacts with formaldehyde or glutaldehyde to make the dye fixable.
<ul>
<li>Ex/Em (MeOH) = 510/625 nm; Ex/Em (liposomes) = 480/600 nm</li>
<li>Dark red soluble in MeOH or DMSO</li>
<li>Store at 4°C and protect from light</li>
<li>C₅₇H₁₀₅N₄Cl₃N₄</li>
<li>MW: 952.83</li>
</ul>

Description & Target

AM4-64 is a fixable, activity-dependent fluorescent nerve terminal probe. AM4-64 functions similarly similarly as SynaptoRed&trade; C2 (equivalent to FM&reg;4-64), but with the additional property of being fixable. Thus, AM4-64 is a useful tool for synapse studies where subsequent fluorescent immunochemistry is desired. AM4-64 and FM&reg;4-64 have identical excitation and emission wavelengths.

<div>FM is a registered trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific.</div>

Description & Target

AM4-65 is a fixable red fluorescent nerve terminal probe. The dye is spectrally identical to SynaptoRed&trade; C2 (equivalent to FM&reg;4-64), but it has an additional amine group at the hydrophilic end of the molecule, making the dye fixable with formaldehyde or gluteraldehyde. The long emission wavelength makes the dye suitable to be used with GFP in two-color imaging.
<div>FM is a registered trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific.</div>